Constants and KPIs¶

The target numbers behind every formula in Master Equations Reference — what "good" actually looks like, quantified.

Master Thresholds¶

Constant	Target value	Meaning
DET transfer rate	$\geq 92\%$	Energy transfer efficiency
$\sigma_{sync}$	$\geq 0.92$	Neuro-kinetic synchronization
$K_{wrist}$ (baseline)	$\geq 0.85$	General wrist stiffness
$K_{wrist}$ (volley / DL)	$\geq 0.95$	High wrist stiffness for reflex shots
GRF (serve)	$2.3$–$2.5 \times BW$	Ground reaction force
Knee flexion (loading)	$100°$–$120°$	Optimal knee bend angle
DSI (safe)	$\geq 0.85$	Dynamic stability index
$\omega_{IR}$	$\approx 2{,}800°/s$	Internal rotation angular velocity
$\alpha_{IR}$	$\approx 112{,}000°/s^2$	Internal rotation angular acceleration
$\Delta t_{IR}$	$\approx 25\text{ms}$	Internal rotation time window
$\Delta t$ (reaction)	$\leq 0.12\text{s}$	Neural reaction time
$\Delta t$ (DL)	$\leq 0.15\text{s}$	Split-step to contact
$\Delta t$ (dwell)	$\approx 4$–$5\text{ms}$	Ball-on-string dwell time

Zone	HRV change	Action
Green	Increased or at/above baseline	Explosive training (VE, DET work)
Yellow	−10% to −20%	Technical training only
Red	≤ −20%	Recovery only (yoga, fascial work)

Type	Target
Over-swing prevention	Racket does not travel back past the shoulder plane
V-step	45° angled step
Face angle adjustment	5°–10°

Lead tape position	Primary effect
12 o'clock (head)	Maximum swingweight, more leverage
3 / 9 o'clock	Torsional stability
Handle	Balance shifted toward the hand